CTEV (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus):

CTEV, commonly known as clubfoot, is a congenital deformity of the foot where the infant's foot is turned inward and downward. This condition can affect one or both feet.

• Causes: The exact cause is often not known, but it may have genetic and environmental factors. It occurs during fetal development and is present at birth.
• Diagnosis: CTEV is typically diagnosed at birth based on a physical examination. Ultrasound imaging may be used for a more detailed assessment.
• Treatment: The primary treatment for CTEV is a series of manipulations, casting, and often, surgical correction. The goal is to align the foot properly and restore function.
• Prognosis: With early and appropriate treatment, most children with clubfoot can achieve normal function and appearance of their feet.

DDH (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip):

DDH is a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly, leading to an instability of the hip joint. It can range from mild hip laxity to complete dislocation of the hip.

• Causes: The exact cause of DDH is not always known but can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
• Diagnosis: DDH is often detected during routine newborn examinations and may involve a physical examination, ultrasound, or X-rays.
• Treatment: Treatment options depend on the severity and age of the child. For mild cases, observation and the use of a Pavlik harness may be sufficient. More severe cases may require surgical intervention, such as a closed reduction, open reduction, or osteotomy to reposition the hip joint.
• Prognosis: Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a successful outcome in DDH. Without intervention, it can lead to hip dysplasia, arthritis, and gait problems in the future.

Both CTEV and DDH are congenital conditions that require early diagnosis and appropriate management to ensure the best outcomes for affected children. If you suspect your child may have either condition, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and guidance on treatment options.