Knee replacement surgery replaces parts of injured or worn-out knee joints. The surgery can help ease pain and make the knee work better. During the surgery, damaged bone and cartilage are replaced with parts made of metal and plastic.

To decide whether a knee replacement is right for you, a surgeon checks your knee's range of motion, stability, and strength. X-rays help show the extent of damage.

The right artificial joints and surgical techniques for you depend on your age, weight, activity level, knee size and shape, and overall health.

The knee replacement procedure typically involves the following steps:

• Preparation: Before the surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests (such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans) to assess the extent of knee joint damage and determine the appropriate treatment plan.
• Anesthesia: The patient is given either general anesthesia or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural) to ensure they are comfortable and pain-free during the surgery.
• Incision: The surgeon makes an incision over the knee to access the knee joint.
• Resection of damaged bone and cartilage: The surgeon removes the damaged bone and cartilage from the femur, tibia, and patella to prepare the joint for the implants.
• Implant placement: The artificial knee implants, which consist of metal and plastic components, are then inserted into the prepared joint. These implants allow the knee to move smoothly, similar to a healthy knee joint.
• Knee alignment and stability: The surgeon ensures that the implants are positioned correctly to optimize knee alignment and stability.
• Closure: Once the implants are in place, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.