Hip joint replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased hip joint is replaced with an artificial joint, called a prosthesis. This procedure is often recommended for individuals experiencing severe hip pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or hip fractures.

The surgery involves removing the damaged parts of the hip joint, including the ball-shaped head of the femur and the damaged socket in the pelvis. These are replaced with artificial components made from metal, plastic, or ceramic materials.

There are two main types of hip replacement surgeries:

• Total Hip Replacement: In this procedure, both the ball and socket of the hip joint are replaced with prosthetic components.
• Partial Hip Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty): Here, only the ball of the hip joint is replaced with a prosthesis, while the natural socket is preserved.

The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, and the recovery period can vary depending on individual health, age, and the type of replacement. Physical therapy and exercises are essential post-surgery to regain strength, flexibility, and mobility.